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APEC( Asia – Pacific Economic Cooperation)
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC)
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC)
An international forum established in 1989 to encourage free trade in the Pacific area and to consider security and development issues. APEC comprises 17 nations: Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and the USA, with others such as Russia, India, Vietnam, and Peru seeking to join.
The existing membership (1998) has a combined population of over two billion.
In the Bogor Declaration of 1994, APEC stated that it would ‘achieve free and open trade and investment in the region’ by 2010 for the most industrialized APEC economies, and by 2020 for the less industrialized. At the 1995 meeting in Osaka, it was also decided to begin implementing individual Dictionary of environmental law action plans (IAPs) and collective action plans (CAPS) from 1997, to start the process.
In 1997, the Indonesian forest fires, which blanketed Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, and Brunei with a smoky haze, together with the international differences on global warming, reminded APEC of environmental issues in the region. Studies suggest that environmental and pollution effects cost the APEC economies up to 8 per cent of annual GDP. The problems are aggravated by varying environmental standards throughout the region. APEC is ideally placed now to tackle the problems of fire, drought, Pacific fishing stocks, acid rain, poverty, safe drinking water, infant mortality, sanitation, primary and preventive health care, education and the promotion of sustainable development.
An APEC Environmental Vision Statement was issued at a meeting of the APEC Ministers for the Environment held in Vancouver, Canada, in 1994, prior to the Bogor Summit. The statement affirmed APEC’s commitment to sustainable development in the spirit of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. The Ministers asserted that environmental protection and economic growth are inseparably linked, and supported the integration of environmental considerations into relevant policy development and economic decisions throughout the region.
Another document issued at the meeting was entitled ‘The Framework of Principles for Integrating Economy and Environment in APEC’. The APEC approach is to promote the principles of sustainable growth, equitable development, and national stability.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, abbreviated asAPEC, established in 1989, is a forum for 21 countries bordering the Pacific Ocean (Pacific Rim). It aims at promoting free trade and economic cooperation throughout the Asia-Pacific region.
Member economies, with entry date, are:
|
Australia |
6-7 Nov 1989 |
Japan |
6-7 Nov 1989 |
The Philippines |
6-7 Nov 1989 |
|
Brunei Darussalam |
6-7 Nov 1989 |
Republic of Korea |
6-7 Nov 1989 |
Russia |
14-15 Nov 1998 |
|
Canada |
6-7 Nov 1989 |
Malaysia |
6-7 Nov 1989 |
Singapore |
6-7 Nov 1989 |
|
Chile |
11-12 Nov 1994 |
Mexico |
17-19 Nov 1993 |
Chinese Taipei |
12-14 Nov 1991 |
|
People’s Republic of China |
12-14 Nov 1991 |
New Zealand |
6-7 Nov 1989 |
Thailand |
6-7 Nov 1989 |
|
Hong Kong, China |
12-14 Nov 1991 |
Papua New Guinea |
17-19 Nov 1993 |
The United States |
6-7 Nov 1989 |
|
Indonesia |
6-7 Nov 1989 |
Peru |
14-15 Nov 1998 |
Viet Nam |
14-15 Nov 1998 |
Further information
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) – home page
Related concepts
African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP)
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Brief APEC Dictionary
A
ABAC – APEC Business Advisory Council
ABTC – APEC Business Travel Card
ACBD – APEC Customs Business Dialogue
ACT – Anti-Corruption and Transparency Working Group
AD – Automotive Dialogue
ADOC – APEC Digital Opportunity Center
AELM – APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting
AFS – APEC Food System
AFTA – ASEAN Free Trade Area
AIMP – APEC Information Management Portal
AMM – APEC Ministerial Meeting
APCN – APEC Climate Network
APEC – Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
APEC Engineer
APEC Fora
APEC Geneva Caucus
APEC Privacy Framework
APEC Secretariat
APEC Strategy on Response to and Preparedness for Emergency
APERC – Asia Pacific Energy Research Center
API – Advance Passenger Information
APP – Advance Passenger Processing
ARF – ASEAN Regional Forum
ASC – APEC Study Centers
ASCC – APEC Study Centers Consortium
ASEAN – Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ASF – APEC Support Fund
ATCWG – Agricultural Technical Cooperation Working Group
B
Behind-the-Border Barriers
Beijing Initiative on APEC Human Capacity Building
Best Practices
BMC – Budget and Management Committee
Bogor Goals
Brunei Goals
Busan Roadmap
C
CAIRNS Initiative
CAP – Collective Action Plan
Capacity Building
CBN – Capacity Building Network
CDSG – Chemical Dialogue Steering Group
CEO Summit
CERTs – Computer Emergency Response Teams
Chemical Dialogue
CMI – Chiang Mai Initiative
COA – APEC Course of Action on Fighting Corruption and Ensuring Transparency
Competition Policy
Consensus
Convenor
CSR – Corporate Social Responsibility
Counter-Terrorism Statement
CPLG – Competition Policy and Law Group
CSI – Container Security Initiative
CSOM – Concluding Senior Officials’ Meeting
CTAPs – Counter-Terrorism Action Plans
CTI – Committee on Trade and Investment
CTTF – Counter-Terrorism Task Force
D
DDA – Doha Development Agenda
Digital Economy
DLO – Delegation Liaison Officer
E
e-APEC Strategy
EC – Economic Committee
ECO – Electronic Certificate of Origin
Economy
ECOTECH – Economic and Technical Cooperation
ECSG – E-Commerce Steering Group
ED – Executive Director
EDNET – Education Network
Education Ministerial Meeting
EEMRA – Mutual Recognition Agreement on Conformity Assessment of Electrical and Electronic Equipment
EGILAT – APEC Experts Group on Illegal Logging and Associated Trade
e-IAP – Electronic Individual Action Plan
Electronic Commerce
EMM – Energy Ministers’ Meeting
EODB Action Plan – Ease of Doing Business Action Plan
EPWG – Emergency Preparedness Working Group
ESI – Energy Security Initiative
e-SPS – Electronic Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
EVSL – Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization
EWG – Energy Working Group
F
Finance Deputies’ Meeting
FMM – Finance Ministers’ Meeting
FMP – Finance Ministers’ Process
Food Security
FOTC – Friends of the Chair
FSCF – Food Safety Cooperation Forum
FTA – Free Trade Agreement
FTAAP – Free Trade Area of the Asia–Pacific
FWG – Fisheries Working Group
G
G-8 – Group of Eight
G-20 – Group of Twenty
GATS – General Agreement on Trade in Services (WTO)
GATT – General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GDLN – Global Development Learning Network
GFPN – Gender Focal Point Network
GHS – Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals
GHTF – Global Harmonization Task Force
GOS – Group on Services
GPEG – Government Procurement Experts’ Group
Grandfather Clause
GSP – Generalized System of Preferences
Guest
H
Health Ministerial Meeting
HLPDAB – High-Level Policy Dialogue on Agricultural Biotechnology
HRDWG – Human Resources Development Working Group
HS – Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System
HTF – Health Task Force
HWG – Health Working Group
I
IAP – Individual Action Plan
IAP Peer Review
IEG – Investment Experts’ Group
IFIs – International Financial Institutions
Infectious Disease Initiative
Inter-sessional discussion
Investment Mart
IP Toolkit
IPEG – Intellectual Property Rights Experts’ Group
IPR – Intellectual Property Rights
IPR Service Center
ISO – International Organization for Standardization
ISOM – Informal Senior Officials’ Meeting
ISP – Information Strategic Planning
ISPS Code – International Ship and Port Facility Security Code
ISTWG – Industrial Science and Technology Working Group
ITI – Information Technology Industry Council
J
JODI – Joint Oil Data Initiative
L
LAISR – Leaders’ Agenda to Implement Structural Reform
Lead Economy
Lead Shepherd
Leaders
Los Cabos Directives
LPMS – Less Paper Meeting System
LSG – Liberalization Steering Group
LSIF – Life Science Innovation Forum
LSPN – Labor and Social Protection Network
M
MAG – Market Access Group
MANPADS – Man-Portable Air Defense System
ME – Micro-enterprise
Member Economy
Ministerial Meeting on Human Resources Development
Ministerial Meeting on Sustainable Development
Ministerial Meeting on Telecommunications
Ministerial Meeting on Women’s Affairs
Ministers’ Conference on Regional Science and Technology Cooperation
Moderator
Moratorium
MOU – Memorandum of Understanding
MRA – Mutual Recognition Arrangement
MRCWG – Marine Resource Conservation Working Group
MRT – Meeting of APEC Ministers Responsible for Trade
MTF – Mining Task Force
MTS – Multilateral Trading System
MTST – Mid-term Stocktake on the Progress towards the Bogor goals
Multilateralism
Murayama Fund
N
NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement
NAMA – Non-Agricultural Market Access
NBIP – Non-Binding Investment Principle
NBPs – Non-Binding Principles on Government Procurement
NTMs – Non-Tariff Measures
O
OAA – Osaka Action Agenda
OFWG – Ocean and Fisheries Working Group
Observers
Ocean-related Ministerial Meeting
Open Regionalism
Open Skies Agreements
P
PAFTAD – Pacific Trade and Development Conference
Paperless Trading
PATA – Pacific Asia Travel Association
Pathfinder Approach
Pathfinder Economy
Pathfinder Initiative
PBEC – Pacific Basin Economic Council
PBF – Pacific Business Forum
PD – Program Director
PDB – Project Database
PECC – Pacific Economic Cooperation Council
PIF – Pacific Islands Forum
Pillar
Policy Partnership on Food Security
PPWE – Policy Partnership on Women and the Economy
PTA – Preferential Trading Arrangement
Q
QAF – Quality Assessment Framework
R
RDEAB – APEC Sub-group on Research, Development and Extension of Agricultural Biodiversity
REACH – Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals
REDI Center – Regional Emerging Disease Intervention Center
Regional Economic Integration
Regionalism
Retreat
Revised Kyoto Convention
RMAS – Regional Movement Alert System
ROO – Rules of Origin
Roundtable
RIA – Regulatory Impact Analysis
RTA – Regional Trade Agreement
S
Santiago Initiative for Expanded Trade in APEC
SARS – Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
SARS Action Plan – APEC Action Plan on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
SCCI – Supply Chain Connectivity Initiative
SCCP – Sub-Committee on Customs Procedures
SCE – SOM Steering Committee on Economic and Technical Cooperation
SCSC – Sub-Committee on Standards and Conformance
SELI – Strengthening Economic Legal Infrastructure
SFOM – Senior Finance Officials Meeting
Shanghai Accord
Singapore Issues
SME – Small and Medium Enterprises
SMEMM – Small and Medium Enterprises Ministerial Meeting
SMEWG – Small and Medium Enterprises Working Group
SMM – Sectoral Ministers’ Meeting
SOD – Seoul Oceans Declaration
SOM – Senior Officials’ Meeting
SOM Chair
SOM Senior Official
Spaghetti Bowl Effect
SPF – South Pacific Forum
SPS – Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement
SSM – Support Staff Member
SSN-CBN – Social Safety Net Capacity Building Network
SSOM – Special Senior Officials’ Meeting
Standstill
STAR – Secure Trade in the APEC Region
Steering Group on Food Safety Cooperation
Strategic Plan for Promoting Life Sciences Innovation
Structural Reform
Sunset clause
Sustainable Development
SWISS Formula
T
TBT – Technical Barriers for Trade
Technology Choice
TEL – Telecommunications and Information Working Group
TELMIN – Telecommunication Ministerial Meeting
TFAP I – Trade Facilitation Action Plan I
TFAP II – Trade Facilitation Action Plan II
TFEP – Task Force on Emergency Preparedness
TFTF – Trade Facilitation Task Force
TILF – Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation
TILF Special Account
Tourism Charter
Tourism Ministerial Meeting
TPTWG – Transportation Working Group
Trade Facilitation
Transparency
Transparency Statement
Transportation Ministerial Meeting
TRIMS – Trade-Related Investment Measures
TRIPS – Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
TPP – Trans-Pacific Partnership
TSA – Tourism Satellite Account
TWG – Tourism Working Group
U
Uruguay Round
W
WG – Working Group
WLN – Woman Leaders’ Network
WMD – Weapons of Mass Destruction
WTO – World Tourism Organization
WTO – World Trade Organization
